Primary Containment Coating Techniques: Ensuring Safety and Protection

In industries such as oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing, the storage and transportation of hazardous materials is a critical concern. Ensuring the safety and integrity of storage tanks, pipelines, and other containment systems is essential to prevent leaks, spills, and potential disasters. Primary containment coating techniques play a pivotal role in providing an effective barrier against corrosion, erosion, and chemical degradation, thereby safeguarding the environment and the workforce. In this blog post, we will explore primary containment coating techniques and their importance in maintaining safety and protection.

What is Primary Containment?

Primary containment refers to the first line of defense in preventing hazardous substances from escaping or contaminating the surrounding environment. It includes storage tanks, vessels, pipes, and other equipment used to house and transport hazardous materials. To ensure the integrity of primary containment systems, coatings are applied to the surfaces that come into contact with the stored substances. These coatings create a protective barrier, preventing corrosion, erosion, and chemical degradation, thereby reducing the risk of leaks and spills.

Types of Primary Containment Coating Techniques:

1. Tank Linings: Tank linings are applied to the interior surfaces of storage tanks to protect them from corrosion and chemical degradation. These coatings typically include epoxy, polyurethane, and other specialty coatings that can resist the specific chemicals stored within the tank. The application of tank linings not only prevents the substances from corroding the tank walls but also protects the stored materials from contamination.

2. Pipeline Coatings: Pipelines are a crucial component for the transport of hazardous materials over long distances. Coatings applied to the exterior of pipelines provide protection against corrosion and mechanical damage. Common pipeline coating techniques include fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE), three-layer polyethylene (3LPE), and three-layer polypropylene (3LPP) coatings. These coatings withstand harsh environmental conditions, resist the physical stresses of transportation, and ensure the longevity and safety of the pipeline.

3. Concrete Coatings: Concrete is widely used in the construction of containment systems due to its strength and durability. However, concrete is not inherently resistant to chemical attack. Coating concrete surfaces with specialized epoxy, polyurethane, or polyurea coatings provides a protective barrier against chemical degradation, preventing damage and enhancing overall structural integrity.

Benefits of Primary Containment Coatings:

1. Enhanced Safety: The primary purpose of containment coatings is to protect both the environment and the workforce. By preventing leaks, spills, and potential accidents, these coatings significantly reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous substances, ensuring the safety of all stakeholders.

2. Corrosion Protection: Corrosion is a significant threat to containment systems, particularly in harsh environments. Primary containment coatings act as a barrier, preventing corrosive substances from attacking the surfaces of tanks, pipelines, and other equipment. This protection extends the lifespan of the containment systems, reducing the need for frequent repairs or replacements.

3. Cost Savings: Investing in primary containment coatings can result in substantial cost savings in the long run. By preventing leaks, spills, and corrosion-related damages, these coatings minimize the need for expensive repairs, maintenance, and potential environmental cleanup.

4. Regulatory Compliance: Industries dealing with hazardous materials are subject to stringent safety regulations. Implementing primary containment coating techniques ensures compliance with these regulations, avoiding penalties, legal issues, and reputational damage.

Conclusion:

Primary containment coating techniques are essential for the safety, protection, and longevity of storage tanks, pipelines, and other containment systems. By providing a robust barrier against corrosion, erosion, and chemical degradation, these coatings safeguard the environment, the workforce, and the infrastructure. Investing in the right primary containment coatings not only prevents leaks, spills, and accidents but also ensures regulatory compliance and long-term cost savings. The application of these coatings should be done by experienced professionals who understand the specific requirements of the materials stored, the operating conditions, and the local regulations.

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Understanding Containment

Primary Containment

First off, you may be asking what Primary Containment is. It is a tank, vessel, pipe, transport vessel or equipment intended to serve as the primary container for, or used for the transfer of material. Primary containers may be designed with secondary containment systems to contain or control a release from the primary containment. Secondary containment systems include, but are not limited to, tank dikes, curbing around process equipment, drainage collection systems into segregated oily drain systems, the outer wall of double-walled tanks, etc.

There are two levels of biological containment: primary and secondary. Primary containment shields people and the immediate laboratory environment from exposure to infectious agents. ... Secondary containment shields the environment external to the work area from exposure to infectious elements.

Spill Containment vs Secondary Containment

If you don't have secondary containment, you need spill containment. If you do have secondary containment, you still need spill containment. Read on to understand the role of each type of containment and why you should have both. 

Spill Containment

The act of stopping a spill is spill containment. When there's a spill, your priority — after addressing safety issues — is to stop it from spreading. The sooner you contain a spill, the smaller the area that is affected. And that means it will take less time to clean up the spill.

The thing to remember is that spill containment is part of spill response. Spill response plans often contain different types of spill containment to address different types of spills, including absorbent socks and booms, non-absorbent dikes or even drainage sumps designed to collect spilled liquids. For example, spill containment for a five-gallon oil spill in a warehouse with no floor drains might call for a few socks and absorbent mats. Still, spill containment for a 30,000-gallon fuel spill heading toward a nearby river is going to take a full arsenal of booms, absorbents, and sumps to control.

Secondary Containment

Drums, totes, and tanks are examples of primary containers. These containers usually keep their liquid contents in check without incident. But if they contain a hazardous substance, and because they can fail, the EPA requires them to have secondary containment.

The EPA doesn't specify exactly what secondary containment must look like. Still, they are clear about what it needs to do: If the primary container fails, the secondary containment structure or device must be able to hold the entire volume that could spill until it can be cleaned up.

That means that secondary containment can be anything from spill pallets or decks to a sloped room that allows the liquid to accumulate at one end until it can be cleaned up. It could be dikes, berms or concrete walls that create a moat around the primary container. In some cases it can even be absorbents. It's up to you to evaluate your situation and determine the best solutions for your needs.

Why You Should Have Both

Even super-sturdy secondary containment systems can fail and cause a spill, so the EPA expects you to be prepared for spills with appropriate spill containment — even if every container at your facility has secondary containment. That's why, when people ask if they need spill containment or secondary containment, our answer is always, "BOTH!"

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What People Get Confused About Secondary Containment

What are the specific requirements for secondary containment of oil containers at SPCC-regulated facilities?

The entire containment system, including the walls and floor, should be capable of consisting of oil and must be built so that any discharge from a primary containment system, such as a tank or pipe, will not leave the containment system before clean-up occurs (40 CFR 112.7( c)).

Exceptions apply to certified oil-filled functional devices and flowlines and intrafacility event lines at oil production facilities.

Here's more on simplifying secondary containment requirements.

Owners and operators of facilities based on SPCC requirements should provide secondary containment for their bulk storage container setups (other than mobile refuelers and other non-transportation-related tank trucks) that are capable of holding the contents of the biggest single container plus adequate freeboard to contain rainfall (40 CFR 112.8( c)( 2 )). What does EPA consider sufficient freeboard?

A 25-year, 24-hour storm event requirement is a proper requirement of enough freeboard for a lot of centers. Nevertheless, EPA did not promulgate this requirement because of the trouble and cost for some facilities to get this storm occasion information.

EPA's SPCC guideline affects over 630,000 centers. Is yours one? Download your EHS Essentials Kit-- SPCC Plan Compliance now for all the tools you need to be in compliance. Download Now

Does EPA have a main choice contingency plan or secondary containment for SPCC Planning purposes?

EPA does not think that a contingency plan is a more effective option to secondary containment. EPA's position is that secondary containment is preferable due to the fact that it might prevent a discharge that may be hazardous. A contingency plan is a plan for action when the discharge has actually already happened. However, if secondary containment is not practicable, the owner or operator need to supply a contingency strategy and take other actions as needed.

Must owners or operators of facilities subject to SPCC requirements supply secondary containment, as required by Section 112.8( c)( 2 ), for oil-filled devices, such as transformers?

Owners or operators need to supply secondary containment for all bulk storage container setups, except mobile refuelers and other non-transportation-related tank trucks. Oil-filled electrical equipment is particularly excluded from the definition of "bulk storage container."

Thus, the secondary containment requirements of 40 CFR 112.8( c)( 2) are not suitable to oilfilled electrical equipment, such as transformers.

Do not risk an EPA fine! Remain in compliance with our EHS Essentials Kit-- SPCC Plan Compliance. Download now for instantaneous access to thorough lists, common infractions, training materials, forms, and more. Download Now

What are the secondary containment requirements for single-compartment and manifolded tanks?

The SPCC requirement for secondary containment requirements associates with the capacity of the biggest single compartment or container. Permanently manifolded tanks are tanks that are developed, set up, or operated so that the several containers operate as a single storage unit. Containers that are permanently manifolded together might count as the "largest single compartment."

See tomorrow's Advisor for more secondary containment FAQs.

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Spill Containment vs Secondary Containment

Spill Containment vs Secondary Containment

If you do not have secondary containment, you need spill containment. If you do have secondary containment, you still need spill containment. Continue reading to comprehend the function of each sort of containment and also why you ought to have both.

Spill Containment

The act of preventing a spill is spill containment. When there's a spill, your very first top priority-- after dealing with safety concerns-- is to stop it from spreading. The quicker you contain a spill, the smaller the area that is impacted. Which means it will take much less time to clean up the spill.

The thing to keep in mind is that spill containment becomes part of spill reaction. Spill action plans commonly contain different kinds of spill containment to attend to different types of spills, including absorptive socks as well as booms, non-absorbent dikes or even drain sumps created to collect splashed fluids. For instance, spill containment for a five-gallon oil spill in a storage facility without any floor drains pipes could ask for a few socks and absorptive floor coverings, yet spill containment for a 30,000-gallon fuel spill heading towards a nearby river is mosting likely to take a full collection of booms, absorbents and sumps to control.

Secondary Containment

Drums, totes and tanks are examples of primary containers. These containers typically maintain their fluid materials in check without incident. But if they contain an unsafe material, and also due to the fact that they can fall short, the EPA requires them to have secondary containment.

The EPA does not define exactly what secondary containment must resemble, however they are clear concerning what it requires to do: If the primary container falls short, the secondary containment structure or device have to be able to hold the entire quantity that can spill till it can be tidied up.

That means that secondary containment can be anything from spill pallets or decks to a sloped room that permits the fluid to accumulate at one end till it can be tidied up. It could be dikes, berms or concrete walls that develop a moat around the primary container. In many cases it can even be absorbents. It's up to you to assess your circumstance as well as choose the most effective services for your demands.

Why You Should Have Both

Even super-sturdy secondary containment systems can stop working and also create a spill, so the EPA needs you to be prepared for spills with ideal spill containment-- even if every container at your facility has secondary containment. That's why, when individuals ask us if they need spill containment or secondary containment, our solution is constantly, yes!

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Why Polyurea Is The Ultimate Tool For Primary and Secondary Containment

When used for primary or secondary containment, traditional coatings have been too hard and not sufficiently elastic to accommodate ground, concrete, or metal substrate shift. This deficiency can lead to cracks or holes forming in both the substrate and the coatings, which can compromise containment.

However, the formulation of hard, monolithic, flexible coatings such as polyurea is now resolving this problem for contractors, engineers, and facility administrators. When applied directly to cement or metal surfaces, polyurea not only reinforces and protects the underlying substrate but can also bridge gaps and cracks.

Furthermore, polyurea is now being pre-applied to geotextile liners that can be instantly rolled out in sheets to protect more heavily damaged surfaces or for use in field applications such as dirt or rock pads at drilling sites. Once installed, applicators need only coat the seams of the liners to create a monolithic cover that is ideal for containment.

Containment Requirements

Whether at factories, industrial plants, or other manufacturing buildings, federal and state regulations mandate the use of primary and secondary containment systems to keep toxic or hazardous substances from escaping into the earth and potentially entering the water supply.

Implied in this provision is the understanding that primary containment is not infallible. Though durable, metals corrode, concrete cracks, and are porous as well, so will drain fluids if uncoated. This requires secondary containment, which often exerts the form of concrete pits with barriers installed around the perimeter of a tank or other storage container.

To protect these structures, coatings such as epoxies, tars, and polyurethanes are often employed as an added barrier of protection. However, these traditional coatings are frequently inflexible when cured and can crack along with the concrete.

Typical coatings do not hold up well to substrate movement or daily, seasonal, or process-related thermal expansion and contraction, which can lead to cracks and leaks.

When applied to substrates such as cement or steel, the spray-applied waterproof coating creates a durable, seamless, elastic, protective barrier that prevents leaks and strengthens the integrity of primary and secondary containment systems. The coating exhibits superior physical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, as well as crack bridging and elongation up to 400%, to create a robust, industrial-grade protective covering.

Polyurea can bridge cracks as well as flex at a rate similar to concrete and steel. This not only supports it last but also seals the pavement, so it does not absorb contaminants if there is a spill inside the contained area.

While traditional coatings such as cementitious, epoxies, tars, and polyurethanes will precipitately fail if not installed under a comparatively narrow range of temperatures, polyurea is designed for installation and use from -40°F to +350°F. It sets and cures quickly and will withstand decades of freeze-thaw cycling, and wide variations of temperature and moisture.

Holds up to Extreme Weather

While traditional coatings such as cementitious materials, epoxies, and polyurethanes will prematurely fail if not installed under a relatively narrow range of temperatures, polyurea is designed for installation and use from -40°F to +350°F. It will withstand decades of freeze-thaw cycling and wide variations of temperature and humidity.

Want to learn more about Polyurea? 

Would you like to know how to get started as an applicator?

Head over to ArmorThane.com, they have been around for over 30 years and are the most trusted name in the business.

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Secondary Containment Systems

Any leakage or spillage of fluids used in the extraction and production of the resource can cause severe environmental damage. This threat has prompted stringent regulations requiring secondary containment systems to catch any spillage from leaking valves, overfill or leakage from storage tanks, housing, hazardous fluids, halo, environmental limited is one of Western Canada's leading providers of secondary containment systems for the oil and gas and construction industries founded In 2004, the company focuses its efforts on providing effective and cost-efficient solutions. They help keep the environment clean for future generations. The industry standard today is to use large rollout conventional liners, which are melted together and also require additional hardware to assemble. This causes numerous seams and stress points throughout the liner, which causes issues in addition to that, there's also a thick layer of ground cover placed over top to prevent against UV damage and slips and trips. However, this impedes the ability to integrity check the liner throughout the life of that containment system. Halo, environmental is developing and delivering innovative solutions to overcome the challenges associated with traditional secondary containment systems. Conventional liners are old technology they've been around for over 20 years, they're a one dimensional solution for a three-dimensional problem: halos developed new processes, new techniques to solve these three-dimensional problems, halo, spray-on polyurethane liners have solved the problems of the oil and gas industry. Halo provides its clients with secondary containment, solutions that feature a unique spray applied polyurethane liner. We live in some of the most extreme conditions anywhere on the globe. We have to be proactive in the products and solutions we provide. Our polyurethane spray on liner has been applied in temperatures as high as 35 degrees Celsius and as low as minus 50 degrees Celsius. The ability to provide this secondary containment solution year-round is revolutionary to our industry. Palos polyurethane contains no volatile organic compound, making it safe to spray in any area. Polyurethane coatings are used as secondary containment, liners for tank farms, loading facilities above and below ground storage areas, concrete sumps and trenches and facility roofs, just to name a few. The product starts to gel within 15 seconds and is able to be put into service within the hour during that cure time. The product filters into the porous space of the substrate that we're bonding to and creates a very strong mechanical bond. In addition, because the product is UV resistant, it eliminates the need for ground cover, making integrity, checking very simple.


To do. Halos polyurethane liners have lasted in lab testing for over 13 years, there's been no deterioration. No cracking nothing's gone wrong with the product. We'Ve been called in many times to replace the conventional LDPE liners they just don't stand up. Halos quality control process is second to none. Halo spray applied polyurethane protects the environment from oils acids, caustics produced water, gas, vapors and many other contaminating materials. Halo spray applied polyurethane liners have proven to have an excellent life expectancy. They have great corrosion and abrasion resistance. They have very strong adhesion and are easily applied in cold weather applications. The polyurethane liner is used in conjunction with halos engineered Zeo, ground disturbance, metal containment walls, as the gas and oil industry continues. Increasing production to meet demand. There will be more and more infrastructure in need of secondary containment systems. Halo environmental is aggressively growing its presence in the industry providing new, effective, environmentally friendly and efficient solutions to an old industry.

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Using Foam For Containment Jobs

Got foam secondary containment is critical in the oil and gas industry, and even more so in today's ecologically challenging environment. There are many options to containment, but the most common use is a liner system. Most are either very time-consuming to install or offer marginal protection. Cool phone has a solution that is fast to install durable and, if damaged, is quick and easy to repair based on a formula similar to the spray in bedliner for your truck or vehicle. It forms an extremely durable liner that is easy to place around obstructions and dries in seconds. The cool foam polyurea spray in liner is an excellent puncture resistant and chemical resistant solution for your secondary containment needs. Polyurea is one of the most chemical resistant lining systems available. Today, with the ability to conform to any shape and with no size limitations, it adheres to many different types of surfaces. A 40 mil thick polyurea liner will have five times the puncture resistance of a 40 mil polyethylene liner with polyurea liners. You can rest assured that the common liner puncture will not occur. We have many different color options and if you have a color code or paint chip of your desired color, we can match it using a steel or berm type structure. The cool foam crew lays down a heavy gauge fabric, then sprays the polyurea liner material on top to seal the liner, making it impermeable to water and chemicals. We install a sump to allow you to vacuum out any water that collects from rain or snow making for easy maintenance. There is no downtime for your operation either our poly liners set up in 30 seconds and can be immediately placed into service saving you many hours of downtime over typical one part spray lining systems which take up to 12 days to full cure call cool phone today To see how we can bring the ultimate solution to your containment challenges got foam. You

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